Parties to a municipal financing will vary depending on the type of the transaction and whether the Securities are sold in a Private Placement, a Competitive Sale or a Negotiated Sale. Accordingly, not all of the parties listed below will appear in each public finance transaction. Conversely, in certain financings, there may be additional participants not listed below.
Click on the titles of various parties to explore and learn more about their roles.
An attorney or firm of attorneys, frequently retained by the Issuer but sometimes by another party to the transaction, to render an opinion in a bond financing as to the validity and enforceability of the bonds and the treatment of the interest on the bonds under the code and applicable state law.
The party, often called a conduit borrower or conduit obligor, borrowing bond proceeds from the issuer and, in such case, is responsible for making interest payments and repaying principal of the bonds as it becomes due.
An attorney or firm of attorneys serving as counsel to the borrower in connection with a conduit financing.
Parties providing superior credit to improve the credit quality of a bond issue, and/or funds to the issuer to repurchase bonds that a bondholder may tender.
A central securities certificate depository through which Securities are held in book-entry only form.
An attorney or firm of attorneys engaged to assist with understanding and satisfying disclosure responsibilities of an Issuer, both in connection with primary offerings of bonds and in determining whether (and if so, how) to provide secondary market disclosure.
A firm or company engaged to assist the issuer or the borrower in complying with its ongoing continuing disclosure obligations.
The custodian of funds held in the escrow fund and responsible for holding and managing the escrow fund, including any investments in the escrow fund, up to and including the date when the refunded bonds mature or redeemed, whichever is earlier.
A state, political subdivision, agency or authority that borrows money through the sale of bonds or other securities.
An attorney or firm of attorneys engaged to represent the Issuer to ensure proceedings have been conducted legally and that the issuer has the authority to execute the documents to which it is a party.
The entity or entities, typically commercial banks, which purchases the bonds pursuant to a private placement for its own portfolio.
An attorney or firm of attorneys engaged to represent the lender in a private placement.
A consultant to an issuer (or, in some cases, a borrower) which provides advice with respect to the structure, timing, terms or other similar matters concerning a bond issue.
The institution, often appointed in an indenture or a paying agency agreement, responsible for making payments of interest and principal to bondholders.
A national credit agency providing an independent appraisal of the credit quality of the Issuer, the conduit borrower, if any, and/or the bond issue.
The person or entity responsible for maintaining records on behalf of the issuer for the purpose of recording the names of the owners of registered bonds.
An attorney or firm of attorneys engaged to render opinions on the federal and/or state tax exemption for tax-exempt bonds and those aspects of the transaction relating to whether the tax-exempt bonds qualify for federal tax exemption and, in some cases, state tax exemption.
A commercial bank or trust company with trust powers which acts in a fiduciary capacity for and on behalf of the bondholders by entering into an indenture with the issuer of the bonds.
An attorney or firm of attorneys engaged to serve as counsel to the trustee.
A securities broker or dealer that purchases bonds from an issuer and resells them to investors.
An attorney or firm of attorneys engaged to represent the underwriter(s) in connection with the issuance of bonds.
A certified public accountant or a firm of certified public accounts engaged for preparing the verification report.
The private business that either receives the proceeds of the tax-exempt bonds through a loan by the issuer to fund all or a portion of a capital project or leases the facility financed with the proceeds of the tax-exempt bonds.