Compulsory charges levied by a governmental unit for the purpose of raising revenue. Taxes are different from Special Assessments, which are levied according to the actual benefits derived by the assessed party and from fees, which must bear a reasonable relation to the costs of services, administration or regulation and are imposed under a government’s police power.
The powers identified in Commissioner v. Shamberg’s Estate, 144 F.2d 998 (2d Cir. 1944) as the powers used to identify what is a political subdivision of a state or local governmental entity in the United States, specifically, the power of eminent domain, the power to tax, and the police power.
A bond, the interest on which is not excludable from gross income for federal income tax purposes.
A bond, the interest on which is excludable from gross income for federal income tax purposes.
A charge imposed against properties in a designated district in respect of special benefits received by those properties from the construction of nearby or adjacent public improvements, separate and apart from the general benefit accruing to the public at large.
The custodian of funds held in the escrow fund and responsible for holding and managing the escrow fund, including any investments in the escrow fund, up to and including the date when the refunded bonds mature or redeemed, whichever is earlier.
