A procedure used by the U.S. Congress to amend federal revenues and expenditures more easily than possible under normal order. Most notably, the process allows the U.S. Senate to pass qualifying legislation without needing 60 votes to invoke cloture, thereby needing only a majority vote (51) to avoid the threat of an indefinite filibuster.
Both chambers of Congress must first pass a concurrent budget reconciliation resolution that outlines the budget parameters for forthcoming reconciliation legislation. Once Congress passes the concurrent resolution, which does not need Presidential signature, the chambers can begin work on legislation that fits within the rules of the budget reconciliation process and the parameters set forth in the concurrent resolution. The final legislation requires a Presidential vote.
In general, budget reconciliation is limited to legislation that impacts the revenues and outlays of the federal government, including changes to tax law, spending, and the debt limit. The Congressional Budget Act of 1974 largely governs the rules of the process. The “Byrd Rule” was introduced in 1985 as a further means of limiting what legislation can be passed via reconciliation.
In a competitive sale, it is the term used for when the bids on the bonds are received by the issuer. In a negotiated sale, it is the term used for the process and result of the determination by the underwriter(s) and the issuer of the Interest Rates and public offering prices at which the bonds…
